What are the considerations for ensuring that translated test items are formally equivalent and measure the same constructs across different language versions?
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what is formal equivalence in translation Informational
- What are the limitations of relying on such resources for achieving true formal equivalence? How do different machine translation (MT) systems approach the task of achieving formal equivalence?
- How can formal equivalence impact the readability of the target text?
- How do different religious traditions approach the concept of faithful translation and the role of formal equivalence? How does formal equivalence relate to the translation of ancient and classical texts?
- How can translators develop the skills necessary to achieve formal equivalence when appropriate? Are there any guidelines or best practices for applying formal equivalence in translation?
- What role do psychometricians and assessment experts play in validating the formal equivalence of translated tests? How does formal equivalence relate to the translation of informed consent forms and other documents related to medical research or treatment?
- Awareness of false friends is crucial for accurate translation, especially when aiming for formal correspondence. How do different writing systems (e.g., Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese) affect the concept and practice of formal equivalence?
- What are the specific considerations for formal equivalence in scientific translation?
- How can excessive reliance on nominalization or verbalization in a formally equivalent translation affect readability? How does formal equivalence relate to the translation of genitive constructions and other ways of expressing possession or relationships between nouns?
- What are the limitations of using back-translation to assess formal equivalence and overall translation quality? How does formal equivalence relate to the development of international standards and guidelines for translation quality?
- How can a strictly formal approach to translating fixed expressions lead to awkward or unnatural phrasing? How does formal equivalence relate to the translation of rhetorical questions and other figures of speech that rely on specific linguistic structures for their effect?
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