What were the challenges in preventing fraud and abuse in carbon markets?

Repository Citation. Richard A. Rinkema, Environmental Agreements, Non-State Actors, and the Kyoto Protocol: A Third Way for International Climate Action, ... Dec 8, 2022 ... A look at the first iconic moment for global climate policy making: what remains of the Kyoto Protocol's heritage and what lies ahead for international ... If the stand- ards specified in the Kyoto Protocol' to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. (UNFCCC)2 are met, it was projected that by 2012 there ... Jun 4, 2015 ... The Doha Amendment establishes a second commitment period (2013–20) for the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement to reduce the emissions ... It covers the accounting and reporting of the six greenhouse gases covered by the UNFCCC/Kyoto Protocol — currently, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ... Nov 28, 2012 ... It was the first — and so far, only — pact to commit rich countries to reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ... Jul 26, 2013 ... Facts. 192 parties have ratified the protocol (191 states and one regional economic integration organization). The United States has not; it ... The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to curb the air pollution blamed for global warming. It came into force on ... This article argues that the Kyoto Protocol on climate change is a funda- mentally flawed agreement that set back solutions on climate change by. Oct 1, 2001 ... Section I of the paper outlines the specific elements of an implementation framework required for compliance with the Kyoto Protocol. This ...