

Do challengers attempt to highlight negative aspects of an incumbent's record?
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what is an incumbent
- What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of having incumbents serving on these types of bodies? How does incumbency affect the level of public awareness and understanding of an elected official's policy positions and legislative record?
- How does turnover affect policy continuity and change? What is the role of political action committees (PACs) in incumbent elections?
- Can franking privilege benefit incumbents? How does gerrymandering impact incumbent re-election rates?
- Are long-serving incumbents more or less likely to hold the executive branch accountable?
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- Do challengers need to work harder to demonstrate their qualifications?
- Do incumbents use social media to target specific voter groups?
- How do new entrants compete with market incumbents? What is the definition of an incumbent technology?
- Are independent expenditure groups more likely to support or oppose incumbents?
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