How should decisions about dialysis and transplantation be made?

Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and remove waste from the body. Aug 20, 2014 ... Opioids in renal failure and dialysis patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004;28:497-504. 10. Smith H, Bruckenthal P. Implications of opioid ... The calculator should only be used for patients older than 18 years. The calculator does not accurately predict creatinine clearance in patients who have ... diagnosis of kidney function ... The renal clearance of any substance is the volume of plasma containing that amount of the substance that is removed by the ... The aim of the study is to characterise relationships between the intestinal microbiome composition, uraemic toxins and renal failure symptoms in human end- ... The route of elimination requires further study. The drug appears to undergo metabolism. Excretion of unchanged drug and metabolites is via the kidneys. The ... For individual patients with some renal dysfunction, the GFR is often determined from the creatinine clearance. Creatinine is eliminated only by glomerular ... Based on the review, it is recommended that morphine and codeine are avoided in renal failure/dialysis patients; hydromorphone or oxycodone are used with ... Therefore the renal clearance of inulin is equal to the glomerular filtration rate of 125 mL/min. Another interesting substance is PAH (para-amino hippuric acid) ... Creatinine clearance test ... The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about how well the kidneys are working. The test compares the creatinine ...