What are the different types of lasers (e.g., gas lasers, solid-state lasers) and what are the energy level transitions involved in their operation?
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what is n in chemistry
- Why do outer electrons experience a weaker effective nuclear charge than inner electrons?
- How does the concept of resonance describe the delocalization of electrons in some molecules, and do these delocalized electrons occupy molecular orbitals formed from atomic orbitals with similar n values?
- How does the understanding of electron configurations (based on n) help predict the common oxidation states of elements?
- In energy storage devices like batteries and fuel cells, how do the electrochemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species with different electronic energy levels (related to n)?
- How does the convergence limit of a spectral series relate to ionization energy and n?
- How does doping a semiconductor introduce impurities with energy levels within the band gap, affecting the material's conductivity by changing the population of electrons in bands derived from different n?
- In atmospheric chemistry, how do photochemical reactions involve the absorption of photons that can excite molecules to higher electronic states (higher effective n)?
- How does atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) rely on the absorption of light by atoms to excite electrons to higher n levels?
- What is the effective nuclear charge, and how does n influence it?
- In electron microscopy, how does the interaction of electrons with a sample depend on their energy and the electronic structure (related to n) of the sample atoms?
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