What are the trade-offs between the short-term costs of preparedness measures and the long-term benefits of preventing major health crises?

The intertemporal budget constraint is based on the assumption that income and interest rates are ... A. determined by the consumer. B. determined by the gov't The intertemporal budget constraint proves to be satisfied if either the debt series or the revenue and with-interest spending series are integrated of ... The theoretical model of the intertemporal budget constraint suggests that when the rate of return rises, the quantity of saving may rise, fall, or remain ... More recently, several different researchers have devised and implemented tests of the intertemporal budget constraint in a variety of different contexts. The intertemporal budget constraint for an infinite-horizon representative agent can be written as. ◜≡H◞t◟-◝ ℙt (C ) = Bt + ℙt. (1). where Bt is the ... "Are stationarity and cointegration restrictions really necessary for the intertemporal budget constraint?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(7) ... Sep 13, 2018 ... price level in line with the intertemporal budget constraint (in real terms). In equilibrium, monetary and fiscal policies jointly ensure ... • Sequential budget constraint for all t ∈ T: ct + st ≤ et + Rtst−1. (1) where s−1 ≡ ¯s−1. • Incomes, returns, and initial capital determine budget set:. ... intertemporal budget constraint, has long been a concern. Download to read ... and C.E. Walsh, 1988, Common trends, the government budget constraint ... (A similar distinction-primary versus total-applies to the budget surplus and the budget balance.) The Intertemporal Budget Constraint. Budget constraints play ...