


What are the different BPDU types defined in the IEEE 802.1D standard and its amendments? How have BPDU formats and processing evolved across different versions of the spanning tree protocol standard?
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what is bpdu
- What is the concept of the CIST Regional Root and how is it elected using MSTP BPDUs?
- What is BPDU Filter and how does it affect BPDU processing? What happens when a BPDU is received on a port configured with BPDU Filter?
- What are the potential sources of noise or interference that can disrupt BPDU communication on copper links?
- What is the Root ID in a BPDU?
- What is the mechanism by which a topology change notification (TCN) BPDU is generated and propagated?
- How do network management systems (NMS) handle BPDU data? What are some best practices for configuring BPDU-related settings?
- How does Rapid PVST+ (RPVST+) utilize BPDUs for faster convergence?
- What is the Forward Delay in a BPDU? How are Bridge IDs formed?
- How can intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) be configured to monitor for malicious BPDU activity? What are the common attack vectors that exploit vulnerabilities in spanning tree protocols and BPDU handling?
- Are there any interoperability issues related to BPDU handling between different vendor devices?
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