How is ultra-high vacuum achieved and maintained in AES systems?

The Auger effect or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs when an inner-shell vacancy in an atom is filled ... Summary. The lanthanide isotope 165Er decays by electron capture without any accompanying gamma radiation, which makes it an ideal radionuclide for Auger ... This technique determines the concentration of elements on the surface by measuring the energies of Auger electrons. Because of the low kinetic energies of the ejected Auger electrons, their escape depth is limited to a few atomic layers such that one can analyze only the top ... ISO 18118:2015 gives guidance on the measurement and use of experimentally determined relative sensitivity factors for the quantitative analysis of homogeneous ... ... investigations of the Auger final states of rare gas atoms, as well as for investigations of the nuclear. HIGH-RESOLUTION RESONANT AUGER ELECTRON. Surface analysis using Auger electron spectroscopy is a highly accurate technique. However, its application to sharp topographies results in artefacts that ... Auger-electron emitting radionuclides are of great interest for internal radiotherapy due to the very short range of Auger electrons. Dec 13, 2022 ... Auger electron spectroscopy mapping can be used on the O-KLL peak to image the +/-Z domain structure. This new characterization technique is confirmed with HF ... Nov 19, 2023 ... Secondary Electrons: Secondary electrons have a range of energies, typically lower than Auger electrons. Their energies depend on the incident ...