How are ocean vents formed?

Ecosystem Services. Deep hydrothermal vents are like hot springs on the sea floor where mineral-rich, hot water flows into the otherwise cold, deep sea. Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galápagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been ... Aug 3, 2014 ... Abstract ... The associated fauna also changes as communities progress through the successional stages, and eventually non-vent—endemic deep-sea ... In 2015, the deepest high-temperature hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean (3,700 m) were discovered in a sediment-covered pull-apart basin along the ... Jun 5, 2019 ... Stanford study shows how deep-ocean vents fuel massive phytoplankton blooms – and possible hotspots for carbon storage. A new study suggests ... Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields are among the most pristine and remarkable ecosystems on Earth. They are fueled by microbial chemosynthesis, harbor unique ... Ocean acidification is occurring in response to rapidly increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Shallow-water hydrothermal vent systems have been ... This review sets out to provide an overview of the history of life within marine vent environments that weaves together data from diverse sources. Hydrothermal vents are a feature of the deep seafloor discovered less than 25 years ago. Fields of them are created when seawater percolates into ... Scientists remain uncertain about numerous aspects of hydrothermal vent (HV) ecology, including the reproductive biology of their biota, as well as their ...