What are the grand challenges in understanding the Earth's deep mantle and its influence on surface volcanism?

Sep 5, 2013 ... The model revealed channels – dubbed “low-velocity fingers” by the researchers – where seismic waves traveled unusually slowly. The fingers ... Hotspots at the seafloor create subsea volcanoes; building upward, they ultimately become volcanic islands. Hotspots are stationary but the crusts above them ... Aug 13, 2012 ... History of Yellowstone's Supervolcano · How the Yellowstone Caldera Formed · Testing the Volcano Mantle Plume Theory with Corn Syrup. It is this that fuels a chain of volcanoes, such as the Aleutian Islands, near Alaska. Hotspot volcanic chains. The joint mantle plume/hotspot hypothesis ... Apr 12, 2017 ... As the plate moves west-northwest, each volcano moves with it from its place of origin above the hot spot. The age and orientation of the ... Apr 25, 2024 ... Here we introduce HotLINK: the Hotspot Learning and Identification Network, a CNN trained to detect hotspots with a dataset of −3,800 satellite- ... Feb 6, 2025 ... It is a spreading plate margin volcano as well as a hotspot volcano. Volcanic hazards. Volcanic hazards include explosions, lava flows, bombs or ... Mar 23, 2023 ... Hotspot volcanoes can produce very large volumes of lava and have an important role in Earth's evolution and atmosphere. Today, famously active ... Jul 2, 2013 ... But volcanoes and seismic hazards exist, too, in the interior of tectonic plates. The Hawaiian Islands, for example, sit well within the ... Sep 5, 2013 ... Scientists at UC Berkeley have detected previously unknown channels of slow-moving seismic waves in Earth's upper mantle, a discovery that helps ...