How can we account for indirect effects and higher-order interactions that may be density-dependent?

Jan 17, 2024 ... As for density-independent factors, using the example of a natural disaster: cows can be in a heavily populated field or be the only individual ... Sep 7, 2022 ... ... factors between species. The following steps analyze the local stability of Model A. An equilibrium point is said to be asymptotically ... The Ghost of Density-Dependence: Environmental (Hydrological) Factors Drive the Numerical Changes of Young Migratory Trout Salmo trutta in a Lake District ... As population density increases the amount of deer food in the area declines; this decline in food affects deer body condition. Body condition serves as a ... Understanding how multiple extrinsic (density-independent) factors and intrinsic (density-dependent) mechanisms influence population dynamics has become ... density-dependent factor ... density-dependent factor, in ecology, any force that affects the size of a population of living things in response to the density of ... Oct 27, 2013 ... Besides temperature, we found that rainfall was a further important factor only in the warmer area (Trento province). Abundant rainfall during ... Influence of Environmental and Density-dependent Factors on. Reproduction of Little Egrets. Robert E. Bennetts. Mauro Fasola. Heinz Hafner. Yves Kayser. Follow ... Density-dependent factors change in intensity based on population size, acting as a form of population regulation, while density-independent factors can cause ... Here we report on both density-dependent and density-independent effects in a murid rodent pest species, the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis.