How can researchers disentangle the effects of multiple interacting factors?

These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as ... weight factors w and (1-w), respectively, multiplying the density dependence ... The density dependent factors Aa·g(p) of the various forms are shown in. Density dependent factors are environmental factors that limit the population when it reaches a certain density. Some examples of density dependent factors that ... Although the dispersal of animals is influenced by a variety of factors, few studies have used a condition-dependent approach to assess it. Nov 22, 2024 ... Most density-dependent factors, which are biological in nature (biotic), include predation, inter- and intraspecific competition, accumulation ... In population ecology, density-dependent processes occur when population growth rates are regulated by the density of a population. ... density-dependent resource competition. Survival of individuals in ... density-independent environmental factors but not regulated by crowding. The ... Our work indicates that biotic factors play an important role in shaping species' trailing edges and more detailed examination of non-climatic factors is ... ... density dependent with density independent effects on vital rates and population trajectories. Our data and model do not support the hypothesized recent ... Jun 19, 2021 ... Uthe et al. (2019) provided evidence of both DD and DI effects on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout growth dynamics, where factors such as temperature ...