What is the safe operating space for humanity within the planetary boundaries framework?

Jun 14, 2021 ... The study found CO2 levels of more 1500 parts per million (ppm) in the atmosphere associated with extreme global warmth 50 million years ago, a ... The carbonate ion concentration of surface sea water will decrease by an estimated 30 percent with a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 from preindustrial levels (280 ... Oct 1, 2019 ... 43,500 Gt: total carbon above surface -- in the oceans, on land, and in the atmosphere (2/10ths of 1% of Earth's total carbon) · 37,000 Gt: ... Jul 16, 2019 ... ... carbon dioxide sticks around for quite a while. Once it's emitted into the atmosphere, 40 percent still remains after 100 years, 20 percent ... The GLODAP data show that the world ocean has so far only absorbed around 40 per cent of the carbon dioxide discharged by humans into the atmosphere between ... Jun 6, 2017 ... The Earth's mantle is full of trillions of tons of carbon alone, and if even a small percent of it were added to the atmosphere, it has the ... Feb 3, 2025 ... CO2 atmospheric dry molar fraction (ppmv), averaged over a calendar year Ice cores Mauna Loa 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 ... Sep 3, 2024 ... Global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse effect refers to how certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere allow short-wave ... ... CO2 as 410.28 ppmv, the percentage content would be equal to 0.041028%. Now, we can calculate the following: 0.041028% (CO2 atmosphere volume) * 28.971 g ... While sulfur dioxide released in contemporary volcanic eruptions has occasionally caused detectable global cooling of the lower atmosphere, the carbon dioxide ...