What tools do volcanologists use to study volcanoes?

Apr 23, 2015 ... Volcanic eruptions can affect climate in two main ways. First, they release the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, contributing to warming of the atmosphere. Considered by many to be the most active volcano on Earth, Stromboli has been erupting almost continuously for 2,000 years. The island's eruptions are almost ... Mar 12, 2025 ... A 2025 volcanic eruption at Mount Spurr near Anchorage is “likely” according to a new bulletin by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. The timing of ... Volcanic eruptions may be subtle or explosive and can produce dangerous lava flows, poisonous gases, and flying rocks and ash. May 24, 2024 ... Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption triggered widespread deadly and damaging tsunami waves. A damaged boat washed up into the middle of a field ... Disaster description. The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 was the largest recorded since the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883. The results of the PDNA were presented to the Fogo reconstruction Committee and the PDNA report officially handed to the Prime Minister. The main findings ... May 24, 2016 ... It found that geophysical disasters (volcanoes and earthquakes) cost $763 billion. Of these, 20% were volcanic, which puts the cost of volcanic ... In 2010, thick ash erupted from Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano, forming plumes that reached heights of between 5 and 7 km. Source: NASA Earth Observatory. Jun 19, 2020 ... The volcanic ash was electrically conductive which meant it could cause thunder and lightning, or St Elmo's Fire – an effect where metal parts ...