What causes volcanic lightning?

Volcanic eruptions can be explosive, sending ash, gas and lava high up into the atmosphere, or the magma can form lava flows, known as effusive eruptions. Oct 5, 2016 ... Here we report a novel phenomenon of Ag nano-volcanic eruption that is caused by interactions between Ag and oxygen (O). It involves grain ... Sep 5, 2000 ... When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines June 15, 1991, an estimated 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide and ash particles blasted more than ... Disaster description. The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 was the largest recorded since the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883. Sep 9, 2021 ... The increased cloud cover enhances the cooling of volcanic aerosols, which forms a positive feedback that decreases regional temperature. For ... Mar 12, 2025 ... A 2025 volcanic eruption at Mount Spurr near Anchorage is “likely” according to a new bulletin by the Alaska Volcano Observatory. The timing of ... Jul 8, 2015 ... researchers say there were two eruptions—one in 535 or 536 in the northern hemisphere and another in 539 or 540 in the tropics—that kept ... Learn more about Iceland's fascinating volcanic activity, from recent eruptions on the Reykjanes Peninsula and Fagradalsfjall to the history of active ... Oct 23, 2018 ... The Mariana back-arc eruption was first discovered in December of 2015 by cameras aboard an autonomous underwater vehicle, Sentry. Photos ... In spring 1902, Mt. Pelée began waking up. First, a small eruption. Then, intensifying signs of subterranean rumbling: groundwater disturbances, mudslides, ...