How are data from volcanic monitoring instruments analyzed?

A volcanic eruption is the expulsion of gases, rock fragments, and/or molten lava from within the Earth through a vent onto the Earth's surface or into the ... Oct 30, 2023 ... The explosive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano on 15 January 2022 injected more water vapor into the stratosphere ... Sep 9, 2021 ... The increased cloud cover enhances the cooling of volcanic aerosols, which forms a positive feedback that decreases regional temperature. For ... Jan 16, 2018 ... The Deadliest Volcanic Eruption in History. It killed 100,000 people in the direct impact. But it led to tens of millions more deaths later. Volcanic eruptions can cause: suffocation; infectious diseases, such as conjunctivitis; acute and chronic respiratory diseases from falling ash and breathing ... May 24, 2016 ... It found that geophysical disasters (volcanoes and earthquakes) cost $763 billion. Of these, 20% were volcanic, which puts the cost of volcanic ... Jun 15, 2016 ... Large, violent eruptions may match the rate of human emissions for the few hours that they last, but they are too rare and fleeting to rival ... Jan 10, 2018 ... Abstract. The 2012 submarine eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, New Zealand, is the largest deep-ocean eruption in history and one ... About Iceland's Latest Volcanic Activity ... The most recent eruption began on 1 April 2025 at Sundhnúksgígar, a row of craters in southwest Iceland. Soon after ... Jul 8, 2015 ... researchers say there were two eruptions—one in 535 or 536 in the northern hemisphere and another in 539 or 540 in the tropics—that kept ...