What does substantially related mean in the context of intermediate scrutiny?

Sep 7, 2022 ... Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment does not expressly require a criminal conviction, and historically, one was not necessary. Reconstruction ... Jun 29, 2024 ... To those who created the Fourteenth Amendment, general law supplied the fundamental rights that Section One secured. On this view, while Section ... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person ... Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 1992. Permanent Page URL ... By clicking “Accept All Cookies”, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to ... The race-conscious Reconstruction programs were enacted concurrently with the fourteenth amendment and were supported by the same legislators who favored the ... This proposed approach bypasses the ongoing wars between various camps of constitutional interpretivists to identify an area of partial agreement that can allow ... The Eighth Amendment applies to states only to the extent that relief from cruel and unusual punishments constituted a privilege or immunity of citizenship. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person ... Professor Robert Kaczorowski argues for an expansive originalist interpretation of Congressional power under the Fourteenth Amendment. Before the Civil War ... Mar 3, 2010 ... On March 2, in McDonald v. City of Chicago, the Court will hear oral arguments on whether that right applies to states and localities.