What are the different levels of scrutiny used by courts in Equal Protection cases?

The Fourteenth Amendment affirmed the new rights of freed women and men in 1868. The law stated that everyone born in the United States, including former slaves ... ... provides an objective and constitutionally based approach for determining whether various election laws violate the Fourteenth Amendment right to vote. The race-conscious Reconstruction programs were enacted concurrently with the fourteenth amendment and were supported by the same legislators who favored the ... The Fourteenth Amendment was a purely partisan measure, drafted and enacted entirely by Republicans in a rump Reconstruction Congress in which the Southern ... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person ... With the aid of a group of historians sympathetic to their cause, the NAACP lawyers prepared a brief that presented a bold (if often tendentious) revisionist ... Defending the 14th Amendment ... The principle that everyone born in this country is a United States citizen is one of the sacred building blocks of our democracy ... The 14th Amendment to the Constitution is one of the nation's most important laws relating to citizenship and civil rights. Jan 20, 2025 ... The privilege of United States citizenship is a priceless and profound gift. The Fourteenth Amendment states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United ... The Fourteenth Amendment is the focal point for many of the most contentious issues in contemporary constitutional law, from abortion to affirmative action to ...