How have affirmative action policies been adapted over time to address changing social and legal contexts?

Affirmative action means taking positive, proactive, and preemptive steps to root out discrimination, rather than waiting for after-the-fact litigation. A “balanced work force” means an equitable representation of persons with disabilities, minorities, and women in each level (job category) of a work force ... Apr 15, 2020 ... But at its core, the idea of affirmative action is to offset historical disadvantages of a minority group by altering a decision-making process ... SECTION HISTORY. PL 1975, c. 153, §1 (NEW). §782. Definition of affirmative action. An affirmative action program includes procedures designed to increase the ... Aug 12, 2020 ... Definitions. For purposes of this Policy Statement, the following definitions apply: The term “affirmative action” means any measure, beyond ... First, discrimination can be the result of choices made when defining the target variables for the algorithm. There is no single, objective definition of a “ ... ... affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her;; 'personal data breach' means a breach of security leading ... Jun 29, 2023 ... precise definition.” Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar, 575. U. S. ... Affirmative Action? 96 Cal. L. Rev. 1299, 1323 (2008); see, e.g., id ... May 21, 2022 ... Thus, affirmative action is an attempt to equalize opportunity for people who continue to face institutional obstacles to equal consideration ... Examples of retaliation include: discrimination or harassment as defined by this policy, job termination, adjustment in pay or responsibilities, or any other ...