How is amplitude related to the loudness of a sound?

Usually in transverse waves, amplitude is the measurement of the distance between a peak (top of a wave) or trough (valley or bottom) of a wave and the position ... This paper proposed a WSAW frequency estimation method based on an improved RELAX algorithm, incorporating two improvements. Upper-tropospheric Rossby wave packets (RWPs) are important dynamical features, because they are often associated with weather systems and sometimes act as ... By implementing these correction terms, the new true amplitude wave extrapolator allows accurate amplitude estimates in the presence of strong gradients. I ... ... amplitude while higher frequency waves (alpha, beta) are lower amplitude. ... wave discharge is an example of a biphasic wave. Polyphasic waves cross the ... Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave. [ ... The wave drift depends on the phase velocity relative to the Eulerian mean flow and peaks at about 1/3 of the transient Eulerian speed at geophysically relevant ... In such situations, finite amplitude wave theories that deal with waves having peaked crest have to be used. In this article, selected fea- tures of a variety ... The amplitude of a sound wave can be defined as the loudness or the amount of maximum displacement of vibrating particles of the medium from their mean ... by a large amplitude wave train. The wave train was seen to have a horizontal wavelength of 20 km, and a horizontal phase speed of 75 m/s. Since then ...