What were some of the limitations of early astronomical observations that made it difficult to understand retrograde motion?

It reaches its closest point to it on December 7, after which it enters retrograde motion, inching westward each evening until February 23, 2025. Mars then ... Apparent retrograde motion ... This article is about the apparent motion of planets as observed from a particular vantage point. For retrograde motions of ... Planets usually move W to E, which we call "prograde" or "direct," then appear to move E to W, or "backward" from normal motion, before resuming W to E motion. Retrograde motion is an illusion. Planets do not actually change direction in their orbits. The illusion arises from the combined motion of Earth and the ... Dec 7, 2024 ... The retrograde or “backward” motion of an outer planet like Jupiter or #Mars in our sky is an illusion, a trick of perspective. But there's a ... Jun 14, 1971 ... The purpose of this communication is to point out an interesting feature of time-like geodesics in the Kerr metric. The apparent retrograde motion of the planets was a puzzle for astronomers from the ancient world to the final establishment of heliocentric cosmology in ... Feb 9, 2016 ... Ptolemy modeled the planets making small circles around a point that orbited the Earth. These smaller circles were called epicycles, and they allowed the ... Jul 31, 2020 ... A: The apparent retrograde motion of planets (and other objects) on the sky is an illusion caused by the fact that objects in our solar system ... When an object in the sky appears to move backwards with respect to the common motion of the system, it is said to be in retrograde motion.