How do different neurotransmitters have different effects on membrane potential?

Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging has emerged as a complementary metabolic imaging approach. Jan 18, 2016 ... being more sensitive, but the transient character of the hyperpolarization requires a continuous and homogeneous supply of polarized gas ... Mitochondrial hyperpolarization (MHP), an early event of T-cell activation and death, appears to be mediated through inhibition of F0F1-ATPase or ... Our group has focused part of its work on developing practical methods of producing nonequilibrium polarization – or hyperpolarization – for signal enhancement ... Mar 21, 2012 ... Signaling at PII output synapses is hyperpolarizing in CA1 principal cells (PCs) but depolarizing in dentate gyrus (DG) PCs. While the reversal ... When the resting membrane potential is made more negative, it increases the minimum stimulus needed to surpass the needed threshold. Neurons naturally become ... Feb 16, 2024 ... Title:Live magnetic observation of parahydrogen hyperpolarization dynamics ... Abstract:Hyperpolarized nuclear spins in molecules exhibit high ... The brief dip in the membrane potential below the normal resting voltage is termed hyperpolarization. Action potentials propagate a signal along the length of ... It should be noted that a hyperpolarized state is necessary for pacemaker channels to become activated. ... This is one reason cellular hypoxia, which depolarizes ... Aug 1, 2013 ... HCN4 gene. hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 4 ... hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation ...