Are there specific categories of speech that are always considered hate speech?

Hate speech may rise to the level of discriminatory harassment or criminal harassment in some cases, but it may also be considered protected speech where the ... Jun 2, 2023 ... We find that hate speech rose dramatically upon Musk purchasing Twitter and the prevalence of most types of bots increased, while the prevalence of astroturf ... Apr 11, 2018 ... Both Strossen and Waldron agreed that the First Amendment protects hate speech – but not when it satisfies what is known as the “emergency ... Hate speech comes in many forms. It can include hatred rooted in racism (including anti-Black, anti-Asian and anti-Indigenous racism), misogyny, homophobia, ... This paper provides a survey and analysis of speech restrictions in Africa that have, or may, limit FoRB. Mar 6, 2008 ... This paper describes the rationale that a full protection theory of free speech, a theory based on respect for individual autonomy, would give ... Jan 25, 2022 ... She defines hate speech as “speech that vilifies individuals or groups on the basis of such characteristics as race, sex, ethnicity, religion, ... May 11, 2019 ... The first concerns the scope of the moral right to freedom of expression, and whether hate speech falls within the right's protective ambit. If ... May 30, 2023 ... Free speech is precious, but often messy, and is vital to the foundation of higher education. Hate speech, however, should not be confused ... The IHRA Plenary condemns illegal hate speech which constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility and violence amidst rising antisemitism.