How do PAC contributions influence incumbent behavior?

... incumbent board members? c. superintendents when an incumbent board member fails to be reelected? 2. What are the factors associated with board member ... Jul 6, 2024 ... We introduce an integrated demand-side framework to incumbent inertia, recognizing how the supply- and demand-side factors interrelate through learning ... ... incumbent local exchange company in the same area or areas as the new certificate holder. (b) A basic local telecommunications service price of the incumbent ... Nov 18, 2021 ... The preliminary maps put some House members and state legislators into less politically friendly districts, or in the same district as another incumbent. Jun 29, 2023 ... Incumbents that control key inputs or adjacent markets, including the cloud computing market, may be able to use unfair methods of competition ... ... incumbent of a position. This establishes the risk level of that position. This assessment also determines if a position's duties and responsibilities ... Incumbents in this class are responsible for providing support to an administrative or technical superior by: providing office coordination and managing ... Mar 17, 2021 ... This means that incumbents can be removed by the President at any time for any reason (or no stated reason), as is the case with most ... Incumbent ... For the ecclesiastical office, see Incumbent (ecclesiastical). "Re-election" redirects here. For the system used in the English Football League, see ... Nov 20, 2018 ... 3.35, MGO, forbid an incumbent from receiving a free book? 1 Under the City's Ethics Code, an "incumbent” is an elected official, an ...