Provide examples of null hypotheses in economic history research.

A null hypothesis is developed to test the possibility that, given a sufficiently long period of time, these events are inevitable and occur purely as a ... Apr 15, 2025 ... Null hypothesis examples (plus uses and importance) · Are dogs better at catching balls than cats? · Belonging to one species over another has ... May 1, 2024 ... It represents an assumption that no significant difference, effect, or relationship exists between variables within a population. This chapter introduces the second form of inference: null hypothesis significance tests (NHST), or “hypothesis testing” for short. The main statistical end ... The null is not rejected unless the hypothesis test shows otherwise. The null statement must always contain some form of equality (=, ≤ or ≥) Always write the ... Null and research hypothesis · Probability value and types of errors · Effect size and statistical significance · Directional and non-directional hypotheses ... When costs of Type I and Type II error are considered equal in order to minimize the average of both Type I and Type II error, the optimal α is 0.0142, making ... Hypothesis testing is the process of making a choice between two conflicting hypotheses. The null hypothesis, H0, is a statistical proposition stating that ... Nov 27, 2022 ... Generally speaking, null hypotheses tend to assume there are no differences unless strong evidence suggests that there are differences. In probability and statistics, the null hypothesis is a comprehensive statement or default status that there is zero happening or nothing happening. For example ...