What are the challenges of objectively assessing proportionality in the dynamic environment of a law enforcement encounter?

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .mil website ... It does not affect pacemakers. It will not kill a person. This is a non ... 4 days ago ... 1. a hand-held, battery-operated device used to deliver a powerful electric shock either by direct contact or by firing electrically charged ... Mar 2, 2011 ... ... means you've safely connected to the .gov website. ... In nine incidents (out of 109), officers in the RCSD reported that a Taser did not work ... ... would be unsafe, impractical, or impossible” (PERF, 2014: 40). PERF emphasizes that this does not mean that they are required to have consent to record ... Definitions. Terms used in this title mean: (1) If applied to the ... does not include a place to which the public or a substantial group thereof ... In this circumstance, retreat does not mean tactical repositioning or other de-escalation techniques. 9). An officer shall not be deemed an aggressor or lose ... Oct 23, 2013 ... ... Taser use would no longer be proportionate. The duration of the ... The CED's internal data logging system means the details of all activations ... Pointing a firearm, less-lethal launcher, or CEW [Taser] at a person. “Displaying the Arc” with a CEW [Taser] as a form of warning; Forcible takedowns that do ... Firearms Act)) to a device known as the Taser, a hand-held device designed to expel by means of ... Such term does not include a pistol or a revolver ... The Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle (Taser) is an electrical weapon designed as a nonlethal means to subdue violent or fleeing subjects.