What are the key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed through further scientific research on efflorescence?

Concrete efflorescence is a phenomenon that can occur when salt mixes with water and forms powdery deposits on concrete's surface. The bottom row has also shows soluble salts (SOLU test). Soluble salts on a porcelain mug are causing plucking. This picture has its own page with more detail, ... Efflorescence is caused by water penetrating through the basement foundation. This moisture dissolves salts within the masonry materials. sources of soluble salts and moisture. Conditions necessary to cause efflorescence to appear are presented, along with design recommendations and practices that ... Worsening matters is very cold air temperature, which causes the water to freeze and expand. What starts as a small chimney leak can eventually lead to ... Jul 26, 2024 ... Causes of Efflorescence · Sources of Soluble Salts: These salts can originate from the building materials themselves, such as cement, lime, and ... surface pores of the material, causing expansion that may disrupt the surface. CAUSES: A combination of circumstances causes efflorescence. First, there ... Jun 6, 2023 ... Efflorescence is a crystalline deposit that forms on the surface of masonry walls. It's composed of soluble salts that are present in almost all cementitious ... Health Risks: Exposure to white mold can cause health issues similar to other molds, including allergic reactions, respiratory symptoms, and potential worsening ... What Causes Efflorescence? Cement, Lime and Admixtures can contain a range of soluble salts that can be manifested in Efflorescence. Concrete slabs with high ...