How are conductive polymers modified to improve their properties for fuel cells?

Fuel cells are electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy from a fuel—typically hydrogen and oxygen—into electricity through an electrochemical reaction ... In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are combined to generate electricity, heat, and water. Fuel cells are used today in a range of applications, from providing ... An e-Bio Fuel-Cell system uses bio-ethanol as a fuel source to power a vehicle or equipment. Electrical energy is created through a power generator called a ... Jan 12, 2024 ... A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a new fuel cell that harvests energy from microbes living in dirt. May 20, 2020 ... The high cost of platinum catalysts used in hydrogen fuel cells limits the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles. Scientists are ... The most popular material used for the PEM membrane is Nafion, originally developed by DuPont, now owned by its spin off company, The Chemours Company. Both ... Jan 16, 2024 ... The huge potential of hydrogen fuel cells to decarbonise aviation made it one of the key technologies chosen to be further explored for the ... Apr 15, 2024 ... One obstacle that researchers face is that current fuel-cell technology relies on the use of expensive metal catalysts like platinum to convert ... May 19, 2020 ... A mixed ionic and semiconducting composite in a single-layer configuration has been shown to work as a fuel cell at a lower temperature (500–600 °C) Similar to a battery, a fuel cell with a supply of hydrogen and oxygen can be used to power devices that use electricity. While both batteries and fuel cells ...