


Air spaces are connected to stomata, which are controlled by guard cells in the epidermis
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what is spongy mesophyll Informational
- Water moves from areas of higher water potential (vascular tissue) to lower water potential (evaporating surfaces)
- Water vapor How does the arrangement of spongy mesophyll cells affect light penetration within the leaf?
- Damage to cell membranes and reduced gas exchange
- Provides structural support to the leaf What are the potential impacts of fungal or bacterial infections on the spongy mesophyll?
- Positioned to maximize light capture, especially scattered light
- Physical blockage of intercellular air spaces and potential cellular damage
- Reduced chlorophyll content and impaired photosynthesis
- Hormones and signaling molecules travel through intercellular spaces What is the role of calcium ions in the function of spongy mesophyll cells?
- Directly excretes sugars onto the leaf surface What is the role of peroxisomes in spongy mesophyll cells?
- No direct role in phototropism
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