How are these affine invariants defined?

Most commonly, the conditional mean of the response given the values of the explanatory variables (or predictors) is assumed to be an affine function of ... I show that with multiple states, each separable uncertainty measure is a mixture of Shannon entropy and some diversity function (ignoring an unimportant affine ... ... affine conversion needs to be applied. For more information, see When to Apply Affine Conversion. Usually, if the output signal represents a relative ... is affine in π, and vδ(·) is weakly convex, this equality holds on a closed interval Ja(δ). Also, action 1 is myopically strictly optimal when π = 0. Since it ... In contrast, when the government ob- serves sales, rather than actual consumption, a tax arbitrage exists. Uniform affine consumption taxes prevent side trades. tions for purely informational reasons.1. Phelps' theory connects workers ... affine. In fact, in this case we have WA(s) = Pθ∈Θ αA(θ)s(θ), where αA is ... meaning is only implicitly defined by the data on nominal yields, in ation, and TIPS if available. The affine-Gaussian model of the type used here is ... We concentrate on single-commodity networks and affine cost functions, for which we obtain the following results. First, we devise a fully polynomial-time ... Feb 10, 2018 ... ... data identifying the affine in x matrix- valued functions A(x) and B(x), and let we have an access to a first-order oracle providing us with ... Jan 10, 2003 ... identically on informational grounds. ... For this information restriction the affine transformations can be chosen independently for each person.